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Country Profile - Romania


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Education Procurement in Romania

CountryProfile_ROMANIA.pdf

Numbers

More information

Number of schools K-12 Number of teachers K-12 Number of students K-12 Number of students per computer K-12
7.200[1] 243.662[2] 4.774.952[3] 2,6[4]

Sources:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Romani (2012)
[2] Eurostat, Education and Training statistics  (2018)
[3] Eurostat, Education and Training statistics (2017)
[4] www.compareyourcountry.org/pisa-digital (2012)

Legislation of Education

More information

Law of National Education
http://keszei.chem.elte.hu/Bologna/Romania_Law_of_National_Education.pdf

Digital agenda of romania 2020
https://www.gov.ro/en/government/cabinet-meeting/national-strategy-on-the-digital-agenda-for-romania-2020

National Reforms in School Education EURYDICE/Romania
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/national-reforms-school-education-56_en

Programmes, strategies etc. related to education, digital education

Organisations

More information

Organization responsible for education Role of the organization Website
Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sports
  • administration and management of the education and training system
  • establishing the education policy based on cooperation and consultation with other responsible ministries
  • control of tertiary education (universities and other tertiary education institutions are autonomous)
www.edu.ro
National Council for Education Reform
County School Inspectorates
  • ensure the control and overview at the local level of the legislation and evaluation of the education system
  • implement the national education policy
  • act at the regional level
  • design and implement their own budget
  • obliged to make annual evaluations about the education system in their region
  • determine and create the management plan for the next year including the planned activities, objectives, resources and responsibilities. The management plan then is discussed with the appointed consultative bodies and they have to be approved by the council of the Inspectorates. If the management plan is approved, it becomes compulsory for the actors in the management system of the respective region.
National Centre for Curriculum and Evaluation of Pre-tertiary Education
National Service for Assessment and Evaluation
National Centre for TVET Development www.tvet.ro
National Commission for Pre-tertiary Education Evaluation and Accreditation
National Council for Financing Public Pre-tertiary Education
National Centre for Recognition and Equivalence of Diplomas https://cnred.edu.ro/en
Local public administration authorities
  • maintenance of the education system, as according to law all the public school building belong to them
  • responsible for the proper operation of the school education in their territory.
 
Source:
European Commission / EACEA National Policies Platform / Eurydice / Romania Overview:
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/romania_en

Funding of education

More information

Type of schools Source of funds
Public pre-tertiary education institutions Financed from local budgets (town, commune and in the case of special schools county). There are certain costs that are covered from the central budget through the County School

Inspectorates.

Private schools Parents have to pay tuition fees determined by the Administration Council of each school.

Schools are governed by their Administration Councils, the head teachers and the deputy's head teachers. They cooperate in the decision-making process with the Teachers’ Council, the Parents’ Committee and local public administrative authorities. The Administration Council are set up by the following members:

  • the head of the school
  • the deputy head(s) of the school
  • the chief accountant
  • elected representatives of the teachers
  • a representative of the parents
  • a representative of the local public administration authority
  • representatives of the economic agentsThe representative of the teachers’ union takes place in the meetings as an observer.

    The administration council of high-schools and post high schools also include students’ representatives.

Funding includes three different types of funding:

  • basic funding is provided by the state on the basis of the number of students enrolled at pre-primary, primary and secondary levels for public schools
  • complementary funding
  • additional funding
 
Source:
European Commission / EACEA National Policies Platform / Eurydice / Romania Overview:
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/romania_en

Public expenditure on education ISCED (2011) (million EUR)

More information

Year Primary education Lower secondary education Upper secondary education Total
2012 626,0 649,4 765,3 2040,7
2013 723,3 760,7 857,1 2341,1
2014 645,3 965,7 956,3 2567,3
2015 663,0 1037,0 1010,5 2710,6
2016 633,2 1013,4 967,7 2614,3
 
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: educ_uoe_fine01)

Expenditure on educational institutions ISCED (2011) (Million EUR)

More information

Year Expenditure Primary education Lower secondary education Upper secondary education Total
2012 Current expenditure 607,2 609,3 712,0 1 928,5
Capital expenditure 24,1 48,0 31,2 103,3
Total 631,3 657,4 743,2 2 031,9
Share of capital expenditure (%) 3,8 7,3 4,2 5,1
2013 Current expenditure 699,5 723,3 795,6 2 218,4
Capital expenditure 24,6 36,0 30,5 91,1
Total 724,1 759,3 826,2 2 309,6
Share of capital expenditure (%) 3,4 4,7 3,7 3,9
2014 Current expenditure 629,3 910,5 929,9 2 469,7
Capital expenditure 15,9 51,5 31,4 98,8
Total 645,2 962,0 961,3 2 568,5
Share of capital expenditure (%) 2,5 5,4 3,3 3,8
2015

 

Current expenditure 658,0 1 004,4 1 046, 2 708,8
Capital expenditure 24,2 52,1 31,7 108,0
Total 682,2 1 056,5 1 078,1 2 816,8
Share of capital expenditure (%) 3,5 4,9 2,9 3,8
2016 Current expenditure 616,0 953,5 925,1 2 494,6
Capital expenditure 21,3 47,4 35,7 104,4
Total 637,3 1 000,8 960,8 2 598,9
Share of capital expenditure (%) 3,3 4,7 3,7 4,0
 
Source: Eurostat (online data code: educ_uoe_fini01)

Procurement Procedure

More information

Public procurement system is very centralised.

National Public Procurement Agency (ANAP): main public body in the public procurement system belonging to the Ministry of Finance.

  • responsible for legislation and policy-making
  • fulfils executive and monitor functions
  • implements ex-ante controls on all the tenders regardless of their value.

Council for Solving Complaints (CNSC): the first instance administrative body that has jurisdictional power over public procurement procedures.

  • its main objective is to ensure the compliance of the contracting authorities with the respective legislations
  • in order to achieve the compliance, it examines the complaints about any irregularities
  • it has got the authority to force the contracting authorities to take corrective actions
  • an appeal can be issued at the Court of Appeal against the decision of the CNSC and the decision about the appeal is binding for all the parties involved.

Romanian Court of Accounts: the main oversight body

  • implements expost audits and controls of the planning, management and use of public financial sources during the public procurement process
  • has to report its findings to ANAP and to the National Anticorruption Directorate (DNA). DNA has the right to issue and sanction if the irregularity is justified.

Audit Authority within the Court of Accounts: implement external audit of EU-co-funded projects.

Competition Council: an autonomous administrative body,

  • responsible for protecting and stimulating competition
  • fulfils its monitoring role through the Bid Rigging Module (BRM) that analyses control reports in order to identify potential anticompetitive actions during the public procurement processes. If they find any suspicious case, they can implement an investigation on the selected processes
  • has the right to issue sanctions and fines

 

Sources:
European Commission / EACEA National Policies Platform / Eurydice / Romania Overview:
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/romania_en
Public procurement – Study on administrative capacity in the EU Romania Country Profile:
https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/how/improving-investment/public-procurement/study/country_profile/ro.pdf

LEA contact

More information

Jari Laru
University of Oulu
jari.laru@oulu.fi

 

 

LEA – 779803: This project has been funded with support from the European Commission in the context of the H2020 Programme. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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