When money is the situation, see if you can replica patek philippe set up a layaway or even credit repairing repayment schedule.
Skip to content
LEA

Primary Menu

  • News
    • Blog and Social Media
    • Newsletter sign-up
  • LEA-Network
    • Get Involved
      • Join the LEA-Network
      • Follow LEA
      • Meet LEA
    • LEA-Network Members
    • LEA-N Experts
    • LEA-Network Login
  • Procurement in Europe
  • Support Hub
    • Procurers
    • Suppliers
    • Learn Tech Experts
    • Schools
  • Webinars
  • Online Course
  • Tools & Resources
    • Procurement Idea Tool (members only)
    • Online Course
      (members only)
    • All Publications
    • Video Library
    • Audio Podcasts
    • Presentations

Country Profile - Germany


Back to Procurement Overview

Follow LEA
Join the LEA-Network

Education Procurement in Germany

CountryProfile_GERMANY.pdf

Numbers

More information

Number of schools K-12 Number of teachers K-12 Number of students K-12 Number of computers per student K-12
30.726[1] 773.277[2] 10.906.400[3] 9,7[4]

Sources:
[1] Statistisches Bundesamt (2019). Bildung und Kultur - Allgemeinbildende Schulen 2018-2019, p. 19.
https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/235954/umfrage/allgemeinbildende-schulen-in-deutschland-nach-schulart (Last access: 03.04.2020)
[2] Statistisches Bundesamt (2019). Bildung und Kultur - Allgemeinbildende Schulen 2018-2019, p. 734.
https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/162263/umfrage/anzahl-der-lehrkraefte-nach-schularten/
(Last access: 03.04.2020)
[3] Statistisches Bundesamt (2020). Schüler in Deutschland nach Bundesländern im Schuljahr 2019/2020.
https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/162263/umfrage/anzahl-der-lehrkraefte-nach-schularten/
(Last access: 03.04.2020)
[4] Eickelmann, B., Bos, W., Gerick, J., Goldhammer, F., Schaumburg, H., Schwippert, K., Senkbeil, M. & Vahrenhold, J. (Hrsg.) (2019). ICILS 2018 #Deutschland – Computer- und informationsbezogene Kompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern im zweiten internationalen Vergleich und Kompetenzen im Bereich Computational Thinking. Münster: Waxmann.

Legislation of Education

More information

  • Inclusion of informal learning
  • Self-guidance
  • Development of competences
  • Networking
  • Modularisation
  • Learning counselling
  • New learning culture/popularisation of learning
  • Equity of access.


Source
:
https://www.european-agency.org/country-information/germany/legislation-and-policy

Organisations

More information

Organization responsible for education Role of the organization Website
Education system and its governance are semi-centralized, as the responsibility for it is shared between the Federal Government and the Federal States. Each Federal State has its own Ministry of Education and is responsible for schools, higher education, adult education and continuing education. The coordination between the different ministries of education is ensured by several bodies.
Most of the decisions regarding primary and secondary education are made at the level of Federal States. They are responsible for

  • the organisation, planning, management and supervision of the school’s mission,
  • personnel recruitment and remuneration of teachers.Local authorities are responsible for the construction and maintenance of school buildings.
Federal Ministry of Education and Research Manages nationwide policies for VET, tertiary education and
foreign affairs within education
www.bmbf.de/en/
index.html
Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Federal States
  • Responsible for the coordination of education policies
  • Gives recommendations for further developments regarding primary and secondary schools, higher education and research and cultural policy
www.kmk.org/kmk/
information-in-english/standing-conference.html
Joint Science Conference Works with research funding, science and research policy strategies and science system www.gwk-bonn.de/en
German Rectors’ Conference Responsible for topics related to higher education www.hrk.de/home
Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training Federal government institution that is responsible for policy, research and practice in VET www.bibb.de/en
Stakeholders such as teachers under the umbrella of their union's influence policy making

Source
:
OECD: Education Policy Outlook, 2014
European Commission / EACEA National Policies Platform / Eurydice / Germany Overview:
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/germany_en

Funding of education

More information

Type of schools Source of funds
Public sources dominate in the financial cover of the investments on education.In the different Federal States, there are considerable differences between the expenditure due to the individual education systems of them covering the remuneration, teaching hours and demographic trends.
 
Public schools
 
Funding responsibility is split between the Federal States (e.g. remuneration of teachers and recruitment) and the local authorities (e.g. material costs and remuneration of non-teaching staff).In the case of a few Federal State support through lump sum allocations are given to the local authorities. These allocations are basically used for the (re)construction of schools.
 
Source:
OECD: Education Policy Outlook, 2014
European Commission / EACEA National Policies Platform / Eurydice / Germany Overview:
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/germany_en

Public expenditure on education ISCED (2011) (million EUR)

More information

Year Primary education Lower secondary education Upper secondary education Total
2012 17421,0 34279,7 24353,6 76072,3
2013 17830,8 35004,4 24311,9 77147,1
2014 18506,6 35849,5 24864,0 79220,1
2015 18947,3 36010,0 25308,6 80265,9
2016 19600,7 36581,6 26003,5 82185,8
Source: Eurostat (online data codes: educ_uoe_fine01)

Expenditure on educational institutions ISCED (2011) (Million EUR)

More information

Year Expenditure Primary education Lower secondary education Upper secondary education Total
2012 Current expenditure 16 741,6 33 174,6 23 876,7 73 792,9
Capital expenditure 1 116,3 1 946,1 3 004,2 6 066,6
Total 17 857,9 35 120,7 26 880,9 79 859,5
Share of capital expenditure (%) 6,3 5,5 11,2 7,6
2013 Current expenditure 17 193,2 33 985,4 24 245,4 75 424,0
Capital expenditure 1 063,8 1 856,7 2 770,9 5 691,4
Total 18 256,9 35 842,1 29 016,4 81 115,4
Share of capital expenditure (%) 5,8 5,2 10,3 7,0
2014 Current expenditure 17 863,8 34 878,7 24 944,5 77 687,0
Capital expenditure 1 126,0 1 963,0 2 826,3 5 915,3
Total 18 989,7 36 841,7 27 770,8 83 602,2
Share of capital expenditure (%) 5,9 5,3 10,2 7,1
2015

 

Current expenditure 18 347,7 35 203,9 25 452,7 79 004,3
Capital expenditure 1 127,2 1 930,8 2 859,4 5 917,4
Total 19 474,9 37 134,7 28 312,1 84 921,7
Share of capital expenditure (%) 5,8 5,2 10,1 7,0
2016 Current expenditure 18 925,2 35 729,0 26 028,5 80 682,7
Capital expenditure 1 243,4 2 075,2 2 964,8 6 283,4
Total 20 168,6 37 804,2 28 993,3 86 966,1
Share of capital expenditure (%) 6,2 5 ,5 10,2 7,2
 
Source: Eurostat (online data code: educ_uoe_fini01)

Investment plan for education / ICT in education

More information

Year Amount in (€) Main pillars of investments Share of pillars (%)
2019-2024 5,55Mrd € (Federal government bears 90%, federal states bear a 10% share) development of digital teaching-learning infrastructures
(internet access)technical equipment
(interactive boards, mobile devices)
digital infrastructure
45% for central services, software and media licenses, processes for planning, implementation and control, technical operation and support, educational supporttechnical equipment
55% for devices, of which a maximum of 20% is available for mobile devices[1][2]
Verwaltungsvereinbarung DigitalPakt Schule 2019 bis 2024.
www.bmbf.de/files/VV_DigitalPaktSchule_Web.pdf (last access: 03.04.2020)


Sources
:
[1]  Geschätzte Kosten pro Modellschule, pro SchülerIn und für alle SchülerInnen.
[2] Breiter, A./Zeising, A./Stolpmann, B. E. (2017). Impulse, die Schule machen. IT-Ausstattung an Schulen: Kommunen brauchen Unterstützung für milliardenschwere Daueraufgabe.
www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/fileadmin/files/BSt/Publikationen/GrauePublikationen/IB_Impulspapier_IT_Ausstattung_an_Schulen_2017_11_03.pdf (last access 03.04.2020)

Procurement Procedure

More information

Public procurement system focuses on economic efficiency, environmental and social sustainability. Public procurement system is highly decentralized.

Federal Ministry of Economy and Energy (BMWi): The main central authority that is in charge of the public procurement system. Its tasks:

  • to decide on the principles of public procurement
  • to draft primary legislation.

 

Federal States Committee on public procurement ensures regular cooperation with the Federal States in order to share the latest aspects of the procurement policy and practice.

Public Procurement Committees serve as a forum for stakeholders from the federal level, federal state level and local administration level, as well as for public-private organisations and private entities. They participate in drafting procurement rules.

German Committee for Supplies and Services Tendering and Contract Regulations (DVAL) participates in the development of procurement rules for supplies and services.

German Committee for Construction Tendering and Contract Regulations (DVA) works on the procurement rules for public works.

At the federal level there are four central contracting authorities between which the responsibilities are shared based on the thematic content:

  • the Federal Financial Directorate Southwest (BFD Südwest) implements procurements for the tax administration
  • the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing issues framework agreements for groups of specific technical products
  • the Federal Office for Equipment, IT technology and Use of the German Armed Forces procures mainly for the German military
  • the Central Purchasing Body of the Ministry of Interior is the main body among the central purchasing/contracting bodies, as it procures for all federal agencies and manages the main e-procurement platform including the provision of the supportive functions.

 

There are central purchasing bodies on a regional level as well.

 

The oversight system of public procurement processes is linked to the EU threshold

  • Above the thresholds, the procurements are controlled by procurement review chambers that are in charge of the first instance reviews. Each federal State has its own procurement review chamber, and there is a central review organisation within the Federal Competition Authority (Federal Procurement Review Chamber).Appeals against the decisions of the review chambers can be submitted to the specialised procurement senates in the respective Higher Regional Courts.
  • In case of procurements below the EU thresholds, most of the federal states have founded review bodies called VOB or VOL Offices.The supervision of the public procurement procedures is carried out by the Audit Courts of the German Federal States and by the Federal Court of Auditors in terms of cost-effectiveness and compliance.The planning period is a fiscal year and not a school year.

    The different steps are:

  • Members of teachers’ conference for specified subject submit their requirements to the school principal
  • Principle decides whether to submit a request for procurement to school authorities (this decision is based on the budget as well)
  • School principal submits a request for ICT solutions to school authorities
  • If school authority confirms the funding, three more steps can be implemented:
    • If the procurement costs over 1000 EUR, the school authority manages the procurement process
    • If the procurement costs between 500 EUR and 1000 EUR, the schools can procure the solution itself, but it needs to get three offers for tenders
    • If the procurement costs below 500 EUR, the school can procure the solution on its own and the three offers are not needed
  • The invoices are always managed by the school authority.

 

School authorities can define their own way of a procurement process that can differ from the one described above. The school authorities have the right to determine own procurement costs as well. Schools were not given the right to decide, which educational technology tool to purchase. This right is exercised by the school owner.

The role of the teachers in the procurement process is very restricted as they can make the request which solution to be purchased, but they cannot take part in the decision making.

There is a dedicated budget for educational technology procurements financed from national grants.


Sources
:
Otto von Guericke University
Ministry of Finance of Saxony-Anhalt
State of Saxony-Anhalt
European Commission / EACEA National Policies Platform / Eurydice / Germany Overview:
https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/germany_en
Public procurement – Study on administrative capacity in the EU Germany Country Profile:
https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/how/improving-investment/public-procurement/study/country_profile/de.pdf

LEA contact

More information

Philipp Schüßler
OVGU
philipp.schuessler@ovgu.de

 

 

LEA – 779803: This project has been funded with support from the European Commission in the context of the H2020 Programme. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

coordinator@learntechaccelerator.org
+358 50 5631805
  • Facebook link
  • Twitter link
  • Linkedin link
  • Youtube link
  • Instagram link

© E.N.T.E.R. GmbH 2018

Webdesign by PM DATENTECHNIK